Macedonia History

One of the steps in the Scientific Method of Investigation is the publication of your obtained results. This is done, so that others by repeating the same experiment using same methodology may independently arrive to the same conclusion and verify whether it is true what you have accomplished with your own hypothesis. Once many independent laboratories—through their scientific research—confirm your results, then, the hypothesis that you have proposed becomes accepted and your findings acknowledged.  I have said before, and I stand by my assertions that: (a) Macedonia was never a part of any ancient Greek city-state, nor were the ancient Macedonians ever considered by the ancient Greeks or by themselves, to be Greek. (b) Macedonia was never a member of any Hellenic League. Macedonia was not a member of the Greek Amphictyonic League either. Fact is that membership into these leagues was reserved for Hellenes only. And since Macedonians were not considered Hellenes, they were n

THE GIST - An extremely toxic bacterium found in the Styx River, now known as the Mavroneri, may have killed Alexander the Great. - Even during Alexander's time, the river had a reputation for being toxic. - The research, however, cannot conclusively state what actually killed Alexander the Great. An extraordinarily toxic bacterium harbored by the "infernal" Styx River might have been the fabled poison rumored to have killed Alexander the Great (356 - 323 B.C.) more than 2,000 years ago, according to a scientific-meets-mythic detective study. The research, which will be presented next week at the XII International Congress of Toxicology annual meetings in Barcelona, Spain, reviews ancient literary evidence on the Styx poison in light of modern geology and toxicology. According to the study, calicheamicin, a secondary metabolite of Micromonospora echinospora, is what gave the river its toxic reputation. The Styx was the portal to the underworl

Ancient History Sourcebook:  Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE):  Description of Greece, Book II: Corinth Pausanias, reputedly born in Lydia, was a Greek traveler ( as well as Greece he also visited Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia , Epirus ) during height of Roman rule. His most important work is the Description of Greece [Periegesis Hellados], a sort of tourist guidebook, which remains an invaluable text on ancient ruins. The Description of Greece survives in ten books in the form of a tour of Greece starting in Attica. The first book seems to have been completed after 143 CE, but before 161CE. No event after 176CE is mentioned in the work. Pausanias begins his description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from   the glories of classical Greece, especially religious ar

Second in a series of weekly conversations between historians James Romm [JR] and Paul A. Cartledge [PC], editor and introduction-author, respectively, of the new Landmark Arrian: The Campaigns of Alexander, just published by Pantheon under series editor Robert Strassler. This discussion was created by the Reading Odyssey, a non-profit that aims to reignite curiosity and lifelong learning for adults through lectures, reading groups and webcasts.) Week one’s dialogue is here . Did Alexander take part in a plot to murder his father? JR: Paul, it’s surprising to me how many historians in recent years have expressed suspicions that Alexander the Great was guilty of conspiracy to commit patricide. The stabbing of Alexander’s father Philip in 336 B.C. was done by Pausanias, a resentful courtier and jilted lover, but he may of course have been put up to the job by others, and he was killed before he could be questioned. In antiquity there were rumors that Olympias, Philip’s thi

Husband: Alexander I of EPIRUS (370-331) Wife: Cleopatra of MACEDON (356-308) Children: Cadmeia of EPIRUS (3055- ) Neoptolemus II of EPIRUS (350- ) Marriage 0336 B.C . Husband: Alexander I of EPIRUS Name: Alexander I of EPIRUS Sex: Male Father: - Mother: - Birth 0370 B.C. Death 0331 B.C. (age -40--39 (!)) Additional Information Death Cause: killed in battle Wife: Cleopatra of MACEDON Name: Cleopatra of MACEDON Sex: Female Father: Philip II (390- ) Mother: Olympias (375-316) Birth 0356 B.C. Pella, Macedon Death 0308 B.C. (age -49--48 (!)) Child 1: Cadmeia of EPIRUS Name: Cadmeia of EPIRUS Sex: Female Birth 355 B.C. Child 2: Neoptolemus II of EPIRUS Name: Neoptolemus II of EPIRUS Sex: Male Birth 350 B.C. Note on Husband: Alexander I of EPIRUS Alexander I of Epirus( 370 BC – 331 BC), also known as Alexander Molossus (Greek: ????a?d??? ? ????ss??), was a king of Epirus (350–331 BC) of the Aeac